Week 10 Study Questions

Study Questions Set #17 (Chapter 17) WATER USE & ABUSE:

17-1. How much of Earth's water is readily available as freshwater? Where is this water available?

17-2. Define the following: surface runoff, watershed, infiltration, zone of saturation, aquifer, water table, saltwater intrusion, salinization.

17-3. What are the differences between, withdrawal, consumption, and degradation of water?

17-4. For what purposes, other than drinking-water, do people use freshwater? How do you use freshwater?

17-5. What causes shortages of freshwater and how can we deal with the water shortage problem?

Study Questions Set #18a (Chapter 18) CULTURAL EUTROPHICATION:

18-1. What pollutants (= immediate causes) cause cultural eutrophication? What are the sources of these pollutants?

18-2. What are the ultimate or root causes of cultural eutrophication?

18-3. What are the undesirable outcomes of cultural eutrophication?

18-4. Briefly describe the sequence of events that lead to fish kills caused by cultural eutrophication.

18-5. Describe two practical and plausible interventions that could reduce the magnitude of cultural eutrophication.

Study Questions Set #18b (Chapter 18) WATER POLLUTION:

18-6. Describe the difference between point sources and nonpoint sources of water pollution. Give 2 examples of each. Into which category would you place atmospheric deposition and why?

18-7. What types of water pollution cause human health problems? What are the sources of these pollutants?

18-8. What major diseases are transmitted through surface water (see Table 5-1 on back) and how do these pathogens get into surface waters?

18-9. What types of water pollutants cause ecosystem disruption? What are the sources of these pollutants?

18-10. Describe how organic nutrients cause oxygen sag in a river. How is this process similar to or different from the one causing “the dead zone” in the Gulf of Mexico at the mouth of the Mississippi River?

18-11. Describe three ways in which sediment loading can adversely affect an aquatic ecosystem.

18-12. What is thermal pollution, how is it caused, and how can it adversely affect an aquatic ecosystem?

18-13. Where in the United States are the most imperiled streams? How does Minnesota compare with the rest of the United States?